1. The sun set and darkness fell.
Ans: and - co-ordinate conjunction
2. I shall write to you when I reach Agra.
Ans: when - sub-ordinate conjunction
3. Anil has passed but his sister has failed .
Ans: but - sub-ordinate conjunction
4. You may go wherever you like.
Ans: wherever -co-ordinate conjunction
5. You are poor yet you are honest .
Ans: yet - co-ordinate conjunction
6. The widow must weep or she will die.
Ans: or - co-ordinate conjunction
7. Be quick otherwise you will miss the train .
Ans: otherwise - co-ordinate conjunction
8. I could not help you because I was ill.
Ans: because - co-ordinate conjunction
9. Attend the class or pay the fine.
Ans: or - sub-ordinate conjunction
10. I met him while I was going to school.
Ans: while - co-ordinate conjunction
Exercise 2. Fill up each blank with a suitable conjunction:
1. We carved not a line, _____ we raised not a stone.
Ans: and
2. He is slow; _____ he is sure.
Ans: but
3. She was all right, _____ she was fatigued.
Ans: so
4. She writes fast ____ neatly.
Ans: and
5. It is cold _____ windy today.
Ans: and
6. They toil not, _____ fast do they spin.
Ans: neither
7. Something certainly fell in _____ I heard a splash.
Ans: as
8. You can dress _____ you like for my party.
Ans: as
9. You will not succeed _____ you work hard.
Ans: unless
10. Catch me _____ you can.
Ans: if
Exercise 3. Underline the co-ordinate conjunction in each sentence. State its kind too:
1. Trust in God and do the right.
Ans: and - cumulative conjunction
2. He is intelligent but brother is dull.
Ans: but - adversative conjunction
3. Work hard else you will fail.
Ans: else - alternatives conjunction
4. He was insulted so he felt pained.
Ans: so - illative conjunction
5. I as well as you am to blame.
Ans: as well as - cumulative conjunction
6. He did the mischief, therefore he was punished.
Ans: therefore - illative conjunction
7. Act wisely or you will suffer.
Ans: or - alternative conjunction
8. I know you but I do not know your name.
Ans: but - adversative conjunction
9. It became dark, so we could not play.
Ans: so - illative conjunction
10. Be prepared for war or suffer a defeat.
Ans: or - alternative conjunction
11. The wind was against me nevertheless I pedalled on.
Ans: nevertheless - illative conjunction
12. She was abused as well as beaten.
Ans: as well as - cumulative conjunction
Exercise 4. Join each pair of sentences through a co-ordinate conjunction. State it's kind also.
1. He is a big man. He is very humble.
Ans: He is a big man yet he is very humble. Yet is adversative conjunction.
2. She did not work hard. She failed.
Ans: She did not work hard, so she failed. So is illative conjunction.
3. Mohan is intelligent. He is diligent.
Ans: Mohan is intelligent; he is diligent too.
4. You must be quite. You must leave.
Ans: You must be quite or you must leave. or is alternative conjunction.
5. The teacher was teaching. The students were talking.
Ans: The teacher was teaching while the students were talking. while is adversative conjunction.
6. He is rich. He is greedy.
Ans: He is rich yet he is greedy. yet is adversative conjunction.
7. Heed my warning. You will land in trouble.
Ans: Heed my warning otherwise you will land in trouble. otherwise is alternative conjunction.
8. Our car was damaged. We escaped.
Ans: Our car was damaged but we escaped. but is adversative conjunction.
9. He was very angry. He kept calm.
Ans: He was very angry yet he kept calm. Yet is adversative conjunction.
10. He was guilty. He was punished.
Ans: He is guilty, so he was punished. So is illative conjunction.
11. Act wisely. You will have to repent.
Ans: Act wisely or you will have to repent. Or is alternative conjunction.
12. He is not happy. He is rich.
Ans: He is not happy though he is rich. Though is adversative conjunction.
Exercise 5. Fill up each blank with an appropriate co-ordinate conjunction:
1. Be off _____ I shall knock you down.
Ans: otherwise
2. He shirks his lessons _____ he must fail.
Ans: or
3. He is millionaire _____ he is greedy.
Ans: but
4. Jack is honest _____ Jill is dishonest.
Ans: but
5. Run faster ______ you will lose the race.
Ans: or
6. He has lost his purse _____ he is sad.
Ans: so
7. He played very well _____ he lost the game.
Ans: but
8. I got a prize _____ a merit certificate.
Ans: and
9. I went to the market _____ bought a new pen.
Ans: and
10. Shiela has passed _____ her sister has failed.
Ans: but
Exercise 6.
1. Define and give examples of :
(a) a conjunction
Ans: A conjunction is a word that joins together words, phrases, clauses or sentences. Examples: and, yet, but, or etc.
(b) a co-ordinate conjunction
Ans: A co-ordinate conjunction is one that joins together co-ordinate words, phrases or sentences. Examples: and, yet etc.
(c) a sub-ordinate conjunction
Ans: A sub-ordinate conjunction is one that joins two clauses of unequal rank -- one being sub - ordinate to the other.
2. Name the four kinds of co-ordinate conjunctions and explain them through examples.
Ans: The four kinds of co-ordinate conjunctions are as as follows:
i.Cumulative Conjunction
a) We went to the library and brought some books.
b) You, He and I will go to the town.
The words in bold type join co-ordinate words or sentences with a sense of cumulation (addition) . So, they are cumulative conjunctions.
ii. Alternative Conjunctions
a) Do or die.
b) Do it now otherwise you will be fined.
The words in bold type join co-ordinate sentences offering an alternative. So, they are alternative Conjunctions.
iii. Adversative Conjunctions
a) Her sister is dancing but she is studying.
b) She is charming; still she is not proud.
The words in bold type join co-ordinate sentences with a sense of adverse (opposite) meaning. So, they are adversative Conjunctions.
iv. Illative Conjunctions
a) It is time to play, so let us begin.
b) He was guilty, therefore he was punished.
The words in bold type join sentences with a sense of inference or illation. So, they are illative Conjunctions.
Page 233
Exercise 1. Underline the sub-ordinate conjunction in each sentence. Also mention what it denotes:
1. I have not made a fire though it is very cold.
Ans: though, it denotes Contrast.
2. You must pack your luggage before it is dark.
Ans: before, it denotes Time.
3. I can not go out since it is cloudy.
Ans: since, it denotes Cause.
4. I can go with you provided that I am well.
Ans: that, it denotes Results.
5. We reached the station after the train had left.
Ans: after, it denotes Time.
6. Varsha is slimmer than Vani.
Ans: than, it denotes Comparison.
7. I will follow you where you go.
Ans: where, it denotes Place.
8. Wait here with this pigeon till I return.
Ans: till, it denotes Time.
9. I cannot act as you bid me.
Ans: as, it denotes Manner.
Exercise 2. Fill up each blank with a suitable sub-ordinate conjunction. State the kind of each.
1. He will help you _____ you go to him.
Ans: if : sub-ordinate conjunctions of Condition
2. The task was so tough ____ nobody could do it.
Ans: that : sub-ordinate Conjunctions of Result
3. The child did not stop crying ____ it got a toy.
Ans: unless: sub-ordinate conjunctions of Condition.
4. We shall sleep indoors ____ it is cold outside.
Ans: if: sub-ordinate conjunctions of Condition
5. Walk fast ____ you should be late.
Ans: lest: sub-ordinate conjunctions of Purpose
6. I could not come ____ I had an urgent work to do.
Ans: since : sub-ordinate conjunctions of Cause
7. Clear off from here ____ the officer comes.
Ans: before: sub-ordinate conjunctions of Time
8. Bhagat Singh was bold ____ a lion.
Ans: as : sub-ordinate conjunctions of Comparison
9. She spoke loudly ____ she was drunk.
Ans: because: sub-ordinate conjunctions of Cause
10. Kriti is taller ____ her mother.
Ans: than : sub-ordinate conjunctions onjunctions in Comparison
Exercise 3. Fill up each blank with a suitable conjunction as directed:
1. I must help him ____ he is my friend. (Sub-ordinate)
Ans: because
2. Two ____ three make five.
(Co-ordinate)
Ans: and
3. It is time to go; ____ let us move.
(Co-ordinate)
Ans: so
4. You must think ____ you speak.
(Sub-ordinate)
Ans: before
5. I could not attend my class ____ I was late. (Sub-ordinate)
Ans: for
6. You are tired ____ you are working.
(Co-ordinate)
Ans: for
7. You must die ____ you lie.
(Sub-ordinate)
Ans: if
8. She is more charming ____ her sister.
(Sub-ordinate)
Ans: than
9. She is pretty ____ her sister is ugly.
(Co-ordinate)
Ans: but
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